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Catalog Description Formerly known as DES 20 Hours: 90 (36 lecture; 54 laboratory) Description: Introduction to the fundamentals of residential construction and design documentation. Drawings of a residence are developed and detailed, to include sketches, site plan and floor plans, foundation, elevations, and section views. AutoCAD instruction is incorporated to develop CAD (Computer Aided Design) drawings and electronic data sets. (CSU) Course Student Learning Outcomes CSLO #1: Apply appropriate, current and relevant industry standards in preparing technical documentation for the appropriate discipline of their study. CSLO #2: Define the five steps in the design process. CSLO #3: Demonstrate computer aided drafting practices that conform to business and industry CAD standards. CSLO #4: Design complete working drawings in discipline of study for use in manufacturing/building application. Effective Term Fall 2026 Course Type Credit - Degree-applicable Contact Hours 90 Outside of Class Hours 72 Total Student Learning Hours 162 Course Objectives Upon successful completion of the course, the student will: Lecture Objectives: I. Introduction: 1. Identify the skills and occupations required for the architectural field 2. Describe the required equipment used in architectural firms to produce drawings II. Sketching: 1. Describe sketching techniques used in computer aided drafting III. Room Relationships and Size: 1. Analyze the significant information from the traffic flow pattern to determine the design guidelines so that the necessary sketches can be generated to design the floor plan IV. Site Consideration: 1. Analyze the significant information from the site plan to determine the appropriate design guidelines so that the necessary drawings can be generated of the new residence V. Floor Plans, Elevations and Sections: 1. Discuss the key differences between floor plans, elevations, and sections and how each is used. VI. Computer-Aided Design (CAD): 1. Describe the different types of CAD systems and the benefits of each 2. Discuss the impact of CAD on the architecture industry VII. The Design Environment: 1. Discuss the benefits of prototype and template development to the architectural workplace Lab Objectives: I. Sketching: 1. Demonstrate proper technical sketching techniques II. Room Relationships and Size: 1. Utilize the traffic flow pattern to develop necessary sketches and detail drawings of a floor plan III. Site Consideration: 1. Utilize information from the site plan to develop the necessary site plan drawing of a new residence IV. Floor Plans, Elevations and Sections: 1. Develop correct floor plans, elevation and section drawings to reflect and convey the building information for a new residence V. Computer-Aided Design (CAD): 1. Utilize CAD system (hardware and software) to complete assigned drawings in this course VI. Working with Digital files: 1. Properly manage electronic data sets and files VII. The Design Environment: 1. Utilize the design environment tools to execute and manage a set of architectural working drawings VIII. Basic 2 dimensional entity creation tools 1. Utilize 2 dimensional entity creation tools to develop all components of architectural drawings and data sets IX. Basic 2 dimensional entity editing tools 1. Properly demonstrate good editing and modifying techniques using appropriate modification tools General Education Information Approved College Associate Degree GE Applicability CSU GE Applicability (Recommended-requires CSU approval) Cal-GETC Applicability (Recommended - Requires External Approval) IGETC Applicability (Recommended-requires CSU/UC approval) Articulation Information CSU Transferable Methods of Evaluation Objective Examinations Example: Q: List the required elements of a site plan. Projects Example: The student will produce a complete set of working drawings for a single story residence with a gable roof. The drawings will be evaluated based on their compliance with current industry graphic standards and building codes. Skill Demonstrations Example: The student will produce a computer generated floor plan with dimensions that conform to current industry codes and regulations. The drawings will be evaluated based on their compliance with current industry graphic standards and building codes. Repeatable No Methods of Instruction Laboratory Lecture/Discussion Distance Learning Lab: The instructor will demonstrate and guide students in the development of working floor plan drawings that conform to current building codes and industry standards. Lecture: The instructor will discuss during class session the proper development of floor plan drawings with complete documentation. Students are expected to outline the development and documentation process. Distance Learning The instructor will present a video lecture on Residential single-story construction and design. Students are given the chance to ask questions during an instructor-guided discussion board, through a discussion board for student to student feedback and if privacy is needed through the instructors' email. Typical Out of Class Assignments Reading Assignments 1. Students will read chapters in the textbook on traffic flows and room layout and then complete a quiz based upon these readings. 2. Students will read articles from professional articles relative to architectural design principles and building material practices. Student will then utilize those principles and practices in problem solving and skill demonstrations of weekly drawings. Writing, Problem Solving or Performance 1. Write a report on architectural style, or a selected architect's impact on architectural history. 2. Construct drawings, based upon your understanding of current building codes and industrial graphic and CAD standards, demonstrating the weekly-learned objectives. These drawings must have notes applied using proper linguistic format for the architectural discipline. Other (Term projects, research papers, portfolios, etc.) Develop a portfolio that contains samples of your semester assignments to demonstrate to potential employers the concepts studied. Required Materials Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2026 Author: Daniel John Stine Publisher: SDC Publications Publication Date: 2025 Text Edition: 7th Classic Textbook?: No OER Link: OER: AutoCAD and its Applications Comprehensive (AAC) Author: Shumaker/Madsen Publisher: G-W Publisher Publication Date: 2020 Text Edition: 27th Classic Textbook?: No OER Link: OER: Other materials and-or supplies required of students that contribute to the cost of the course.

Catalog Description Formerly known as DES 21 Prerequisite: Completion of BI 0010 with grade of "C" or better or equivalent as determined by instructor Hours: 90 (36 lecture; 54 laboratory) Description: Advances the skills and knowledge of residential architectural drawing production started in BI 10. Course focuses on production of residential architectural drawings of a 2-story wood framed house in the context of current and relevant building codes, construction materials and methods, industry standard work flow, production and graphic standards through the use of a drawing software application. Additional skills of software utilization, drawing management, complex drawing creation and printing will be covered. This course teaches intermediate AutoCAD skills. (CSU) Course Student Learning Outcomes CSLO #1: Apply appropriate, current and relevant industry standards in preparing technical documentation for the appropriate discipline of their study. CSLO #2: Define the five steps in the design process. CSLO #3: Design complete working drawings in discipline of study for use in manufacturing/building application that conform to business and industry CAD standards. CSLO #4: Demonstrate proper use of Architectural Design Flow process. Effective Term Fall 2026 Course Type Credit - Degree-applicable Contact Hours 90 Outside of Class Hours 72 Total Student Learning Hours 162 Course Objectives Upon successful completion of the course, the student will: Lecture Objectives: 1. Architectural drawing and drafting standards A. Describe the use of drawings in terms of the design process and agency review. B. Discuss the importance of office standards, drawing standards and CAD standards. C. Identify common industry standards organizations for drawings and CAD. D. Discuss common reference symbols and how it correlates with other information within drawings. 2. Architectural site plans A. Explain the purpose of an architectural site plan and how that relates to information shown. B. Discuss architectural site plans in terms of graphics, annotations and reference symbols. C. Explain common inter-related site plan terms, dimensions and constraints. 3 3. Foundation plans A. Describe the purpose of a foundation plan and how that relates to information shown. B. Discuss foundation plans in terms of graphics, annotations and reference symbols. C. Discuss common concrete foundation terms, dimensions and elements. 4. Architectural floor plans A. Describe the purpose of a architectural floor plans and how that relates to information shown. B. Discuss architectural floor plans in terms of graphics, annotations and reference symbols. C. Discuss common architectural floor plan terms, dimensions and elements. 5. Architectural floor plan code requirements A. Explain common code requirements for means of egress and how it relates to floor plans. B. Discuss the iterative design and permitting process in terms of code compliance. C. Discuss common means of egress requirements terms, dimensions and elements. 6. Architectural roof plans A. Describe the purpose of roof plans and how that relates to information shown. B. Discuss roof plans in terms of graphics, annotations and reference symbols C. Define common roof plan terms, dimensions and elements. 7. Architectural exterior elevations A. Describe the purpose of exterior elevations and how that relates to information shown. B. Discuss exterior elevations in terms of graphics, annotations and reference symbols C. Discuss common exterior elevation terms, dimensions and elements. 8. Architectural building sections A. Describe the purpose of building sections and how that relates to information shown. B. Discuss building section in terms of graphics, annotations and reference symbols. C. Discuss common building section terms, dimensions and elements. 9. Residential stair sections A. Describe the purpose of stair sections and how that relates to information shown. B. Discuss stair sections in terms of graphics, annotations and reference symbols. C. Discuss common stair code requirements terms, dimensions and elements. 1 10. Residential electrical plans A. Describe the purpose of electrical plans and how that relates to information shown. B. Discuss electrical plans in terms of graphics, annotations and reference symbols. C. Discuss common electrical plan code requirements terms, dimensions and elements. 11. Printing and plotting for architectural graphic standards A. Describe common drawing sizes and printing media. 2 B. Discuss controlling print size and scale from MS or PS. C. Discuss controlling line gray-scaling, linetype scale and lineweight. D. Discuss controlling LTSCALE, PSLTSCALE and annotative scales for objects. E. Discuss controlling PLOTSTYLE tables. 12. Advanced CAD drawing production techniques for efficiency A. Describe customizing the user interface for efficient object information collection. B. Discuss common office "working files" and "sheet files" in projects. C. Discuss creating complete project "sheet file" sets using layout tabs. 2 D. Discuss common interdisciplinary file backgrounds for file linking. (XREF) E. Discuss common file linking formats and how to integrate information into drawings. 13. Advanced CAD drafting techniques for efficiency A. Describe utilizing a template standards file for commonly used information. B. Discuss using standard and annotative blocks with attributes for commonly used information. C. Discuss using LAYERSTATES and advanced tools to control information. D. Discuss using annotative text and dimensions and advanced tools to control information. E. Discuss objects in terms of specific properties and how to quantify design data. Laboratory Objectives: 1. Architectural drawing and drafting standards A. Demonstrate ability to organize and maintain folders, files and other project information. B. Demonstrate ability to apply industry standards in the development of drawings. C. Demonstrate ability to apply industry graphic standards in the development of drawings. 2. Architectural site plans A. Demonstrate the ability to develop an architectural site plan. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols. 3. Foundation plans A. Demonstrate the ability to develop a foundation plan. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols 4. Architectural floor plans A. Demonstrate the ability to develop a floor plan. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols. 5. Architectural floor plan code requirements A. Demonstrate the ability to apply building code requirements in the development of a floor plan. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols. 6. Architectural roof plans A. Demonstrate the ability to develop a roof plan. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols. 7. Architectural exterior elevations A. Demonstrate the ability to develop an exterior elevation. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols. 8. Architectural building sections A. Demonstrate the ability to develop a building section. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols. 9. Residential stair sections A. Demonstrate the ability to develop a stair section. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols. C. Demonstrate the ability to apply building code requirements in the development of a stair section. 10. Residential electrical plans A. Demonstrate the ability to develop an electrical plan. B. Demonstrate the ability to apply industry standard graphics, annotations and reference symbols. 11. Printing and plotting for architectural graphic standards A. Demonstrate ability to print to different size media. B. Demonstrate ability to control print size and scale from MS or PS. C. Demonstrate ability to control line gray-scaling, linetype scale and lineweight. D. Demonstrate ability to control LTSCALE, PSLTSCALE and annotative scales for objects. E. Demonstrate ability to modify PLOTSTYLE tables. 12. Advanced CAD drawing production techniques for efficiency A. Demonstrate ability to customize the user interface. B. Demonstrate ability to use "working files" and "sheet files" in projects. C. Demonstrate ability to develop complete project "sheet file" sets using layout tabs. D. Demonstrate ability to use file backgrounds and file linking. (XREF) E. Demonstrate ability to link multiple file formats to drawings. (.dwg, .pdf, .xls) 13. Advanced CAD drafting techniques for efficiency A. Demonstrate ability to use a template drawing to incorporate file standards. (DESIGNCENTER) B. Demonstrate ability to insert and modify standard and annotative block attributes. C. Demonstrate ability to create and control layers through layer states and advanced layer tools. D. Demonstrate ability to use annotative text and dimensions. E. Demonstrate ability to quantify object data. (PROPERTIES PALETTE) General Education Information Approved College Associate Degree GE Applicability CSU GE Applicability (Recommended-requires CSU approval) Cal-GETC Applicability (Recommended - Requires External Approval) IGETC Applicability (Recommended-requires CSU/UC approval) Articulation Information CSU Transferable Methods of Evaluation Objective Examinations Example: Q: Explain the elemental differences between a Hip roof and a Gable roof. The weekly and semester drawings are examples to assess the depth of topic coverage and analysis for each student. Projects Example: The student will produce a full set of architectural working drawings for a single story residence with all required technical documentation. The project is evaluated and graded according to industry and accepted graphic standards. Skill Demonstrations Example: The student will produce the four primary elevation drawings generated from their current floor plan. These drawings are evaluated by the instructor and graded according to industry and accepted graphic standards. Repeatable No Methods of Instruction Laboratory Lecture/Discussion Distance Learning Lab: Instructor guides student learning through the development of weekly architectural drawings that conform to industry and graphic standards, for example a detailed drawing of a building foundation or roofing plan. The student developed working drawing is then checked for completeness and drafting accuracy to national industry standards and an appropriate grade assigned to the project. Lecture: The instructor will lead students in a group discussion on the correct elevation view development based on the elevation views information in the assigned pages from their textbooks and in lecture. The pros and cons of differing elevation development will be discussed. Students participate in the discussion and are required to take detailed development notes. Distance Learning The instructor will present a video lecture on Residential two-story electrical construction and design. Students are given the chance to ask questions during an instructor-guided discussion board, through a discussion board for student to student feedback and if privacy is needed through the instructors' email. Typical Out of Class Assignments Reading Assignments 1. Students read chapter on face-frame cabinets with frameless cabinets for interior elevations and discuss in groups. 2. Students read Internet research comparing jurisdictional code requirements for residential construction and utilize their findings in developing technical documentation for build. Writing, Problem Solving or Performance 1. Write papers comparing and contrasting various approaches to solving drafting problems relative to architecture. 2. Construct drawings, based upon their written solution, demonstrating the weekly-learned objectives. Other (Term projects, research papers, portfolios, etc.) Develop a portfolio that contains samples of your semester assignments to demonstrate to potential employers the concepts studied. Required Materials Residential Design Using AutoCAD 2026 Author: Daniel John Stine Publisher: SDC Publications Publication Date: 2025 Text Edition: 7th Classic Textbook?: No OER Link: OER: AutoCAD and its Applications Comprehensive (AAC) Author: Shumaker/Madsen Publisher: G-W Publisher Publication Date: 2020 Text Edition: 27th Classic Textbook?: No OER Link: OER: Other materials and-or supplies required of students that contribute to the cost of the course.

Catalog Description Formerly known as DES 10 Prerequisite: Completion of ADVM 0001B or BI 0010 with grade of "C" or better or equivalent as determined by instructor Hours: 90 (36 lecture, 54 laboratory) Description: Development of drafting skills used in the areas of industrial and civil engineering support. Emphasis on land division, determination of location and direction, development of plots based upon legal description and the fundamentals of utilizing surveying data as applied to preliminary and final maps. Designed for students who have attained an intermediate knowledge of the processes and practices of engineering design/drafting support. Introduction to AutoCAD Civil 3D software. (CSU) Course Student Learning Outcomes CSLO #1: Apply appropriate, current and relevant industry standards in preparing technical documentation for the appropriate discipline of their study. CSLO #2: Construct profile drawings using contour maps, profile measurement field notes and engineering sketches. CSLO #3: Demonstrate computer aided drafting practices that conform to business and industry CAD standards. CSLO #4: Design complete working drawings in discipline of study for use in manufacturing/building application. Effective Term Fall 2026 Course Type Credit - Degree-applicable Contact Hours 90 Outside of Class Hours 72 Total Student Learning Hours 162 Course Objectives Lecture Objectives: I. Introduction to Civil Drafting Technology 1. Define civil drafting and civil engineering 2. Define terms related to maps and civil drafting 3. Define the difference between general and specific notes 4. Define scales used in mapping II. Mapping Symbols 1. Identify types of symbols used with maps 2. Identify special techniques used to identify terrain features III. Measuring Distance and Elevation 1. Describe methods of measuring distances 2. Discuss instruments used for the measurement of distance and elevation 3. Describe methods used for recording field measurements IV. Surveying Fundamentals 1. Describe different types of surveys and the maps created by each 2. Identify the variety of surveying instruments 3. Describe the different types of land traverses 4. Compare and contrast the difference between an open and closed traverse 5. Define the numerical components of an angular measurement 6. Calculate bearings of property lines when given azimuths 7. Describe the global positioning system (GPS) V. Location and Direction 1. Determine the azimuths of given lines 2. Calculate the distance on the earth's surface between given latitude and longitude points 3. Calculate the azimuth from given information 4. Establish the bearing, distance, cosine, sine, latitude, and departure from a given traverse 5. Determine the length and bearing of property lines from given northing and easting information and then draw the traverse VI. Legal Descriptions and Plot Plans 1. Define terms related to legal descriptions and plot plans 2. Sketch plot plans that display specific characteristics 3. Write a legal description from a given plot plan VII. Contour Lines 1. Describe topographical features using contour line characteristics 2. Identify different types of contour lines 3. Describe methods and equipment used for enlarging map VIII. Profiles 1. Define profile drawings and their relationship to contour maps 2. Discuss intersection object 3. Discuss hatching cut and fill areas of a profile 4. Discuss profile labels IX. Highway Layout 1. Discuss highway layout using the point curve and point of intersection methods 2. Calculate tangent distances for a vertical curve X. Earthworks 1. Define and use angle of repose in a cut-and-fill drawing 2. Calculate quantities of earth removed from borrowed pits 3. Calculate earthwork volumes of cross sections using the average end method XI. AutoCAD Civil 3D General Features 1. Identify and discuss user interface, Properties, Ribbon and Grid 2. Discuss data shortcuts 3. Identify navigation bar 4. Discuss report features and label features XII. Survey / Points 1. Discuss list available points and Point group display border 2. Identify and discuss Import Survey Data Wizard 3. Discuss linework definition files 4. Discuss importing from ASCII files and Importing points from other drawings XIII. Surface Features 1. Discuss handling of large or complex surfaces 2. Discuss importing and working with point could data 3. Discuss merge and split surfaces 4. Discuss using a datum on a bounded volume 5. Discuss clip boundary options 6. Discuss contour and masking options for contour labels XIV. Alignments 1. Discuss creating alignments from objects 2. Discuss automatic curve widening 3. Discuss masking, dynamic offset and dynamic widening options for alignments XV. Corridors & Sections 1. Identify visibility and drive commands 2. Discuss super elevations 3. Discuss selecting, isolating, and editing a region 4. Discuss zooming and navigation XVI. Sections 1. Identify and discuss section sheets 2. Demonstrate volume calculation methods XVII. Labels 1. Discuss formatting 2. Discuss geodetic labeling Laboratory Objectives: I. Introduction to Civil Drafting Technology 1. Calculate and utilize scales used in mapping II. Mapping Symbols 1. Correctly utilize symbols used with maps 2. Demonstrate special techniques used to identify terrain features 3. Develop mapping symbols using computer-aided design software III. Measuring Distance and Elevation 1. Utilize methods of measuring distances 2. Utilize instruments used for the measurement of distance and elevation 3. Demonstrate methods used for recording field measurements IV. Surveying Fundamentals 1. Develop different types of surveys and the maps created by each 2. Utilize the variety of surveying instruments 3. Develop both an open and closed traverse 4. Calculate bearings of property lines when given azimuths V. Location and Direction 1. Calculate the distance on the earth surface from given latitude and longitude points 2. Calculate the azimuth from given information 3. Establish the bearing, distance, cosine, sine, latitude, and departure from a given traverse 4. Draw a traverse from given information 5. Determine the length and bearing of property lines from given northing and easting information and then draw the traverse 6. Draw an approximate magnetic declination line from given data VI. Legal Descriptions and Plot Plans 1. Sketch plot plans that display specific characteristics 2. Draw complete plot plans from given engineering sketches 3. Draw plot plans from written information 4. Convert plat map drawings to formal drawings VII. Contour Lines 1. Develop topographical features using contour line characteristics 2. Utilize different types of contour lines 3. Create contour map field notes and use the interpolation method VIII. Profiles 1. Construct profile drawings using contour maps 2. Construct profile drawings using profile measurement field notes 3. Construct plan and profile drawings using field notes and engineering sketches IX. Highway Layout 1. Create a highway layout drawing using the point curve and point of intersection methods 2. Construct a vertical curve profile drawing 3. Calculate tangent distances for a vertical curve X. Earthworks 1. Create an accurate cut-and-fill drawing of a proposed highway 2. Construct cross section drawings using cross section survey data 3. Construct an accurate cut-and-fill drawing of a proposed building site 4. Calculate quantities of earth removed from borrowed pits XI. AutoCAD Civil 3D General Features 1. Utilize interface, Properties, Ribbon and Grid 2. Demonstrate data shortcuts 3. Utilize navigation bar 4. Utilize report features and label features XII. Survey / Points 1. Utilize list available points and Point group display border 2. Utilize Import Survey Data Wizard 3. Utilize linework definition files 4. Demonstrate importing from ASCII files and Importing points from other drawings XIII. Surface Features 1. Demonstrate work with large or complex surfaces 2. Import and work with point could data 3. Demonstrate merge and split surfaces 4. Use a datum on a bounded volume 5. Utilize clip boundary options 6. Utilize contour and masking options for contour labels XIV. Alignments 1. Create alignments from objects 2. Utilize automatic curve widening 3. Utilize masking, dynamic offset and dynamic widening options for alignments 4. Demonstrate intersection object 5. Demonstrate hatching cut and fill areas of a profile 6. Develop profile labels XV. Corridors & Sections 1. Utilize visibility and drive commands 2. Develop super elevations 3. Select, isolate, and edit a region 4. Demonstrate zooming and navigation XVI. Sections 1. Develop section sheets 2. Demonstrate volume calculation methods XVII. Labels 1. Demonstrate formatting 2. Demonstrate geodetic labeling General Education Information Approved College Associate Degree GE Applicability CSU GE Applicability (Recommended-requires CSU approval) Cal-GETC Applicability (Recommended - Requires External Approval) IGETC Applicability (Recommended-requires CSU/UC approval) Articulation Information CSU Transferable Methods of Evaluation Objective Examinations Example: Q: Calculate the representative fraction or scale ratio for a map at 2"= 1 mile. Projects Example: Students develop an industry quality portfolio that includes complete working drawings for CIVIL applications. Instructor evaluates accuracy to current, accepted industry standards for working drawings. Skill Demonstrations Example: From survey field data develop a property plot plan complete with distances and bearings, bench mark data, appropriate field and survey information and complete legal plot description. Instructor evaluates the student performance of learned objectives, accuracy to current, accepted industry standards for working drawings and the efficient use of a CAD (Computer Aided Design) system. Repeatable No Methods of Instruction Laboratory Lecture/Discussion Distance Learning Lab: The instructor will guide the student through synthesizing and applying the methods to formulate correct profile drawing which students will produce with complete documentation. Lecture: Instructor will present to the students, during a weekly lecture/presentation/discussion, advanced engineering design methodology. Students will discuss the methodology and strategize a plan to develop the appropriate profile drawings. Distance Learning The instructor will present a video lecture on measuring distance and evaluation. Students will then utilize instruments used for the measurement of distance and elevation in a specific area. Typical Out of Class Assignments Reading Assignments Students read chapters in the textbook on profiles and are expected to participate in the lecture/discussions based upon the reading. Construct a drawing, based upon course readings, demonstrating the weekly-learning objectives. These weekly drawings are either freehand sketches and/or computer-aided design (CAD) generated. The drawings are evaluated for compliance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards. Critical thinking and problem solving are part of these assignments. Writing, Problem Solving or Performance 1. Compare and contrast the difference between an open and closed traverse. 2. Problem solve the construction of 3D solid models and the relationship of geometry for feature definition. Other (Term projects, research papers, portfolios, etc.) 1. Develop a portfolio that contains samples of semester assignments to show potential employers the engineering design support concepts studied. 2. Participate as a member of a design support team for the completion of a semester design project. Required Materials Autodesk Civil 3D 2025 Unleashed: Author: Stephen Walz Publisher: Packt Publishing Publication Date: 2024 Text Edition: 1st Classic Textbook?: No OER Link: OER: Other materials and-or supplies required of students that contribute to the cost of the course.